![]() Upon primary antigen exposure, B and T cells rapidly undergo clonal expansion and can adopt a diverse set of cellular phenotypes with corresponding effector functions. Together, this dataset provides a resource for immunologists that can be integrated with future single-cell immune repertoire and transcriptome sequencing datasets.ī and T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response by recognizing foreign antigens through their B cell receptor (BCR secreted version: antibodies) and T cell receptor (TCR), respectively. We could relate clonal expansion, germline gene usage, and clonal convergence to cell phenotypes spanning activation, memory, naive, antibody secretion, T-cell inflation, and regulation. Here, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct LCMV peptides, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing enable recovery of the complete adaptive immune receptor sequences in addition to transcriptional information. The processes that contribute to repertoire formation may appear to be stochastic, but in both species, evolution has left little to chance.Īntibody repertoires Comparative immunology Humoral immunity Public clonotypes Scaling and the immune system V(D)J recombination.Adaptive immune repertoires are composed by the ensemble of B and T-cell receptors within an individual, reflecting both past and current immune responses. We propose that it is the differences in the naïve repertoires of mice and humans, and the differences in the ways these repertoires are used, which ensure that the very different biological needs of the two species are met. Species like the mouse face challenges that are a direct consequence of their small body sizes and the limitations this places on the antibody arsenal-particularly early in ontogeny. By skewing repertoire formation toward such sequences, which probably target commonly encountered pathogens, it may be that the relatively small mouse repertoire is appropriate and effective despite its size. These clonotypes are the result of gene rearrangements that involve little gene processing. We show that the mouse repertoire includes a conspicuous population of public clonotypes that are shared by different individuals of an inbred strain. In this review, features of the naïve antibody repertoires of the two species are contrasted. The repertoires of mice and humans are both predictable, but they are strikingly different. Recently, however, analysis of high throughput gene sequencing data has shown that hard-wired biases in these processes result in antibody repertoires that are broadly predictable. Repertoire diversity has been described as the "miracle of immunology," and it was long thought to be the result of essentially stochastic processes. The immune systems of all mammals include populations of B cells producing antibodies with incredibly diverse specificities.
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